The Caucasian Chalk Circle By Bertolt Brecht free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper The Caucasic Chalk Circle The Caucasic Chalk Circle by Brecht uses epic theatre to convey forth an thought or significance for the audience to see while entertaining the audience. Epic theater involves the usage of disaffection techniques to distance the spectator from the narrative but still dressed ore on the overall significance. The individual who merely views the narrative would probably take it as phantasy and non make the true deepness of the drama. Brecht shocks the spectator by doing the events and actions in the drama # 8220 ; unusual and abstract # 8221 ; this contrasts with dramatic dramas where the audience sympathises and relates to the characters of the drama. The subject throughout the drama is natural justness versus category justness. The rubric has links to other fables and narratives before it. The Chalk Circle, a Chinese drama involved a legal action where the false claimant was granted detention due a payoff to claim her dead hubbies estate. We will write a custom essay sample on The Caucasian Chalk Circle By Bertolt Brecht or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This nevertheless was overturned by the emperor, the surety of the jurisprudence, in a retrial as the emperor was the male parent. This peculiar narrative is a susurration to the consequence of Grusha # 8217 ; s test. The emperor is portrayed as the prototype of justness and gives a true finding of fact. The test scene is besides adapted from the fable of King Solomon. Solomon the idol of justness and truth oversees the test of two female parents, one kid is dead the other alive, they seek detention of the alive kid. The king asks the kid to be cut in half, the existent female parent relinquishes her claim and therefore additions detention of her rightful kid. In these two susurrations the jurisprudence is shown to be equated with justness, nevertheless Brecht seeks to foreground that within Grusinia this is non the instance and it takes a greedy Azdak who despises the upper categories to give a merely finding of fact. The category justness presented in the novel has near links to the Marxist position of the jurisprudence, with the jurisprudence functioning all, but in world it protects and secures the involvements of the opinion categories. The drama seeks to underscore that within this category justness the hapless can merely addition justness under exceeding fortunes. Azdak as the justice and supreme authority of justness has come to this place merely through a affair of opportunities and errors. First he harbours the Grand Duke from Shauva, so he confesses to the Ironshirts merely to be made justice because the Duke escaped. Then through shear opportunity merely before his executing the Duke redeems him and makes him justice, eventually doing him the supreme authority of justness between Natasha Abashvilli and Grusha. This shows that the hapless category can merely acquire justness under a system of caprices and extraordinary fortunes and that justness is per se linked to a series of opportunities and non linked to the jurisprudence as it should be in a feudal government. Azdak eventually decides in Grusha # 8217 ; s favour on the goad of the minute, the chalk circle is a existent trial, and it is through this trial that Azdak decides the kid # 8217 ; s destiny. In order to entertain the audience, Brecht sought to maintain the finding of fact in flux, maintaining the audience in suspense as to the concluding result. Azdak although seen as the supreme authority of justness between Natasha Abashvilli and Grusha is shown throughout the drama as greedy and corrupt when covering with the upper categories. The temper that Azdak displays toward the upper category is entertaining, he invariably refers to them as # 8220 ; arse-holes.. sows.. well-born stinkers. # 8221 ; This anal imagination is continued right through the novel. Azdak is so disgusted by the smells the upper categories emit that he on occasion # 8220 ; before go throughing opinion, I went out and sniffed the roses. # 8221 ; This helps Azdak give the finding of facts he gives to the # 8220 ; monied classes # 8221 ; such as the Invalid, and the landholder. He swindles them into giving him money for a payoff so bends approximately and gives a beliing finding of fact against the upper categories. This fraudulence when go throughing opinion is seen by the audience but the lower categories see that for one time the jurisprudence is on their side. This is the concluding intimation that Grusha will acquire the kid, as she is good for the kid and will go on to make good for the kid, contrasting to Natasha Abashvilla # 8217 ; s purpose to acquire the kid merely to maintain her late hubby # 8217 ; s estate. The vocalist sums up the significance of the full drama, associating the prologue with the narratives of Azdak and Grusha. # 8220 ; That what there is shall belong to those who are good for it, therefore the kids to the maternal, that they thrive ; the passenger cars to good drivers, that they are driven good ; and the vale to the waterers, that it shall bear fruit. # 8221 ; Brecht in the drama seeks to foreground the difference between justness and the jurisprudence within Grusinia. The feudal society, or Marxist society, is shown to hold harder deductions for the hapless than the even distribution of wealth which is the chief accent of the Marxist province. The Marxist jurisprudence is non equated with justness for all instead justness for the upper categories, or category justness, where the rich get richer and the hapless get poorer. By Michael McAuliffe, Western Australia, electronic mail: aussiemmc @ icqmail.com The Caucasic Chalk Circle, Bertolt Brecht, Published by Methuen Press

How to Write a Stellar Dissertation on Business Law

How to Write a Stellar Dissertation on Business Law Writing a dissertation is usually the final piece concluding years of work spent learning about a particular subject matter. This makes it one of the more important long-form essays you will end up writing throughout your career. So how does one go about writing excellently to live up to this big occasion? Here, we will outline great points everyone needs to know about writing a dissertation. Must Haves for an Excellent Dissertation Includes a concise objective based on the thesis. Is highly detailed, well planned and researched. Includes analysis and critical evaluation. Includes consistent and accurate referencing. Is structured and presented in an appropriate academic way. Tips on Writing a Dissertation Once you have understood the ingredients needed for a dissertation, the next step is including these ingredients using the approved academic format for your institution. The first step to getting this done   is to   understand the questions asked in order to come up with a topic that gives you enough leverage to provide in-depth answers or solutions. Therefore our first tip is selecting a topic that shines light on your learning or knowledge acquired so far. If business law is your subject matter and you understand all facets of a contract, then your topic should reflect this. Planning and research. A dissertation attempts to gauge the knowledge you have acquired since the beginning of your academic pursuits. This means your research must be in-depth an all-encompassing. To critically evaluate a subject, you must be knowledgeable about its history and the best ways to get information concerning it. Therefore, the planning and research phase for your dissertation is the most important phase and must be done right. Structure your Dissertation. Once the research phase has been concluded, the next step is putting your findings on paper in a coherent manner for all to understand. This is where your ability to provide a consistent structure comes in. Most academic work comes with details on structure but if not, here is a universal structure you can employ: title page abstract acknowledgements table of content introduction main body conclusion references appendices This is the generally accepted structure for an academic work. Once you have gotten this out of the way, the next step is writing the dissertation using the stated structure. An excellent dissertation must strive to be clear in answering the questions raised using facts. It is also important that you stay abreast of the referencing format chosen for your work. For further reading on how to choose a topic on business law, this material provides 20 business law dissertation topics that can inspire you. Students can also take advantage of the 10 facts for a dissertation on business law, we have compiled for you.

Social Security Reform Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Security Reform Plan - Essay Example The first aspect that needs to be changed in the current Social Security policy is the issue of life expectancy. As we speak, most of the payments made are based on the nineteen thirties and forties. At that time, many beneficiaries were expected to live up to an age of fifty five, however, this life expectancy has increased upwards and it is currently at seventy seven years. Experts agree that it would definitely make sense to include this age related issue in the process of making reforms. (Concord Coalition) There are two major options which the US government can take to tackle this issue. They can either increase the amount of taxes being collected from social security contributors or they have the alternative of reducing the amount of benefits going to retirees. The latter proposals are based on the following interrelations When life expectancy has increased, then it may be very difficult for the current crop of workers to meet the total social security payments. This is because beneficiaries must be paid social security for as long as they are alive and this means more payments. Additionally, if the amount of payroll contributions is not changed, then it may be inadequate to cover these costs. In order to avoid extremities or the winner-takes-it-all approach, it is essential to split these costs between the two parties involved i.e. the social security contributors and the beneficiaries. ... Additionally, they also need to involve the payroll tax contributors too. Half of the additional costs brought on by increased life expectancy can be covered by increasing payroll taxes so that no group will feel that they have been treated unfairly. (Cauthen, 38) Dealing with historical debts It has been noted by some researchers that not all workers in local and state institutions pay their taxes. This is one of the reasons that is causing the huge debt that has accrued over the past few years. In order to tackle this problem sufficiently, there is a need to impose mandatory taxation to this group. However, because implementing such a system on pre-existing workers would cause a lot of uproar and unfairness, it would be advisable to introduce that reform for every new worker that enters local or state departments and institutions. If these numbers are curbed, it is estimated that close to four million workers will be able to pay their taxes and this will greatly contribute towards eliminating that large debt that has been accumulated by past generations. Another manner in which the US government can handle this issue is by imposing a form of legacy taxes on high earners. (Springs, 9) As we currently stand, there is a maximum taxable amount and those who make more than this amount are not obliged to pay taxes depending on how much more they earn. This approach is creating a serious loophole and if left unchecked could lead to greater levels of historical debt. These higher earners can be informed that they are contributing towards the historical debt that has accumulated over the past few years. Additionally, the rates may be determined by how much more a contributor is earning above the maximum taxable income. Besides the latter

Case Study Questions on Kimpton Hotels Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Questions on Kimpton Hotels - Case Study Example Each is individually designed to reflect the energy, personality, and pulse of its distinct location, history, and architectural style. Featuring highly personalized guest services, comforting in-room amenities, and one-of-a-kind specialty rooms and suites, Kimpton Hotels attract travelers with welcoming atmospheres that embrace its signature elements of care, comfort, style, flavor, and fun. Kimpton takes pride in its social responsibility, supporting select like-minded partners and is a leader in ecological practices. Kimpton Hotel serves their customer through their fundamental elements of Care. They try to ensure that this attitude of caring is reflected in each and every staff member to bring about a lasting and satisfying relationship with every customer. Service and caring-it's an attitude. They are very careful about the customer needs and their services. Comfort: The Kimpton offers the customer through the plush, cozy spaces with luxurious amenities for our guests to relax and rejuvenate. In trying to anticipate the customer's needs, wants or preferences, their intention is to see that guests are made to feels at home. Style: The Kimpton Group ensures that each of their locations are unique combining elegance with the whimsical. They design their hotels with the help of top quality designers and architects. They usually purchase existing property and modify it according to their needs rather than build entirely new building. Flavor: Imaginative and fun restaurants and lounges, which feature highly capable chefs that are favored by both locals and travelers. Fun: Fun and enjoyment is a favored theme and necessary activities are made available to see that customers... a. Business Philosophy and it adherence: An organization’s business philosophy can comprise of four components namely Vision, Mission, Culture and Values. This hotel group has a well defined business philosophy covering all the four components mentioned above. It vision is based on personal growth of its employees coupled with organizational growth. Its mission is equally praiseworthy and it is to getting new customers and keeping them for life. The same philosophy holds good for their employees as well. Culture is based on creating as atmosphere self leadership, creativity, performance and development. Values are based on creativity, passion, personality, focus and a system of continuous improvement. Even though many organizations have similar business philosophies, the hotel group has the ability to adhere to it. b. Treating guests as individuals: The Company takes great efforts to individually recognize and threat guests. They also have the software called Guestware to identify any guests who have once checked in before. c. Creating an ambience that is comfortable as well as fun. d. Unique architecture that is both whimsical and artistic. This is further made possible by the practice of purchasing existing buildings for their new hotels which enables them to have unique architectural styles for all their properties. e. Cost savings by following the above practice. f. Smaller number of rooms enables staff to extend more personalized service. g. A highly creative workforce on all their properties.

Le Corbusier Architecture Essay

Le Corbusier Architecture Essay Le Corbusier (1887-1965) is a Swiss-French architect; he is considered by many a pioneer of modern architecture. Le Corbusiers ambition is evident as he was an individual of many talents including painting, writing, and design. Le Corbusiers attitude towards the home, the objects of the home and the way in which this was expressed in his art and architecture will be discussed. By assessing the Five points in Architecture used by Le Corbusier as a structural basis for much of his architecture up to 1953, a discussion can be made of his following homes Maison Citrohan, Maison La Roche, Ville Contemporaine, Lesprit nouveau Pavilion, Maison Cook , The Villa Stein and Villa Savoye. Le Corbusier artwork displays an association with his architectural design these association and the influence of his artwork upon his designs will be discussed, in association with the development of purism. Additionally the response faced by his architecture of the 1920 and 1930s will be assessed. In 1915 Le Corbusier and friend, engineer and entrepreneur, Max Dubois evolved two ideas that inspired his style of work throughout the 1920s; One being the Maison Domino which represents the Five points in Architecture. The five points included Pilotis (columns), roof garden, free plan, free faà §ade and ribbon windows. These elements were seen by Le Corbusier as Objects-types which he explains in detail in his book, Vers une architecture and journal, LEsprit nouveau. In 1918 with the help of the artist Amedee Ozenfant, Le Corbusier adopted the painting with the use of oils. Together they developed the Purism movement, Ground in Neo-Platonic philosophy, Purism extended its discourse to cover all forms of plastic expression from salon paintings to product design and architecture. The purism movement derived from cubism in which similarly the main subject matter was the common objects of the cafà © table, the studio and the machine shop: guitars, bottles, and pipes which were presented in their most natural and clear forms that were expressive of modern machine age, unlike the abstract and decorative approach of cubism. It was against what le Corbusier and Ozenfant regarded as the unwarranted distortions of cubism in paintings as it was in favour of the evolutionary perfection of, say, thonet bentwood furniture or standard cafà © tableware. They collaborated on the book, Apres le cubisme, Along side poet Paul Dermee in 1920, he founded the magazine lesprit Nouveau with its main subject matter being the arguable relation between art and industrial society which was already developed in Apres le cubisme. Many architectural ideas which were mentioned in LEsprit nouveau developed from the planning of an ideology of modern paintings. Still life (1920) is a purist painting by le Corbusier which uses flat images with the overlapping of planes similarly to cubism, however its different in the way the objects are made to look solid and not as abstract like in cubism. The repeated curving outline of the guitar and bottle he achieved is also a popular cubist concept. The selection of common, everyday objects which are represented in the paintings are considered objet-types. the object would become an objet-type, its platonic forms resulting from a process analogous to natural selection, becoming banal, susceptible to infinite duplication, the stuff of everyday life. The colour scheme contains only the neutral colours, black, grey, white and different shades of green. Citrohan House, 1925-7 in Weissenhofsiedlung, Stuttgart The Citrohan house is a pure prism, the use of concrete allows large uninterrupted interior space; it consists of a white box supported by columns with a flat roof and the use of consistent rectangular windows which extend to the corner columns and resemble an industrial kind. It was in relation with this building in which Le Corbusier published his Five points for a New Architecture. The Citrohans section and main arrangement was inspired by a cafà © In Paris where le Corbusier lunched everyday. Simplification of the light source; single bay at each end; two lateral bearing walls; a flat roof over; a veritable box which could be used as a house. Le Corbusier believed that the house should be as standardized as a car; hence the name Citrohan came from the name of the famous automobile company, Citroen. The idea of mass production was important and the fact the Citrohan visualized a way of a life clear from all the unnecessary clutter of the customary bourgeois dwelling at the time. Using the Maison Citrohan as his model, he was determined on using mass production processes in order to solve the housing crisis of the post-war years, similar to the way in which Ford cars where processed. In 1924 industrialist, Henri Fruges, agreed to carry out Le Corbusiers idea of mass produced housing for his workers in Pessac using the Citrohan as its bases. This included 130 reinforced frame houses along with one common type known as the sky scraper unit which was a combination of the Maison Citrohan and the back-to-back units he had designed for the city of Audincourt. The Citrohan house at the Stuttgart Weissenhofsiedlung was the last in the series of Citrohan-type houses in which he developed the true version. In Vers une architecture Le Corbusier described this house as a machine for living in, by which he meant a house whose functions had been examined from ground floor up and stripped to the essentials. Both the house and car are considered objects-types due to the fact they both have significant functions, like the machinery of a car which is enclosed within the exterior layer he believed the function of the house should also be invisible, covered in an ideal layer. Maison La Roche/Jeanneret, 1923, in Paris The Maison La Roche/Jeanneret which was designed in 1923 for Raoul La Roche, a collector of paintings, and Le corbusierss brother Albert and wife Lotti Raaf. The house displays many influences of the purist movement, from the fixtures of the house to its form. The use of overlapping surfaces and the transparent areas of glazing are similar to the characteristics of purist paintings which include the overlapping of planes. The fixtures used within the home also relate to the subject matter of Purism which include, radiators, naked light bulbs, simple Thonet chairs, door latches, metal windows- are obviously of industrial extraction. These are objects-types similarly to the objects represented in the purist paintings like the bottles and machine parts, these are objects that tend towards a type which is determined by the evolution of forms between the ideal of maximum utility, and the necessities of economics manufacture. Le Corbusier believed the whole modern city should be elevated up a level in order to keep the ground clear, providing a better circulation of cars. This idea was projected in the studio wing, for which a single cylindrical pilotis stands at the centre beneath, along the axis of the long access road. The studio wing was a demonstration of urbanistic doctrine. Ville Contemporaine, 1922 Contemporary City which was a city of skyscrapers in a park for three million inhabitants, was inspired by the Utopian vision where techniques of modern construction, automobiles and aeroplanes were brought together in a n ordered diagram, with nature and the machine reconciled and harmonized. Lesprit nouveau Pavilion, 1925, in Paris The Pavillon de lEsprit Nouveau built in 1925 was a pavilion in the shape of an apartment from the ideal city which included furnishing of the modern machine age objects alongside purist works of art. Maison Cook, 1926-7, in The clarification of Le Corbusier formal theory is also partly linked to his daily experience of painting. This can be evident in Maison Cook of 1926-7 in which the precise control of volume, surface and profile may be sensed. Maison cook consist of a square plan and faà §ade, hence its almost cubic form. The single cylindrical piloti on the central axis and the use of continuous strip windows from one side to the other helps emphasis the symmetry of its overall shape. Le Corbusiers uses a concrete frame in order to achieve spaces of varies qualities including lighting, size and views. The curved partitions dramatize the free plan, catch the light, and stand like objects in the lucid space; inevitably they call to mind the bottles and guitars of Purist pictures. The five points are clearly emphasised in the Maison cook, with the piloti as a central point set back from the faà §ade level dramatizing the separation of structure from external cladding. The use of the piloti provides a passage below the house for both pedestrian and cars. Use of the continuous windows draws attention to the free faà §ade and also contains a roof garden on top which replaces the green area used by the building. The Villa Stein (1926-1928) in Garches The Villa Stein is an impressive example of the avant-garde movement such as the intense handling of interior space provided by a regular grid of pilotis along with its free plan, furthermore with its use of modern building techniques and use of industrial materials. The site for the villa was of a long and narrow stretch of land, allowing the chance for a freestanding building volume with space for a garden front and back. This enables the chance to organise an architectural journey starting from the entrance through to the garden, hence touches upon old themes of villa design to do with the transition from urban to rural experience. At first sight the villa appears to be a formal rectangular block consisting of horizontal strips of white wall and thin strips of glazing, In comparison to Maison Cook its rather striking. Similarly to Villa Savoye it celebrates the arrival by car in an almost ceremonial way. The lowest level includes a variety of openings including a garage, small entrance to the servants quarters, the main entrance and a large area of industrial glazing which represents the use of the modern building technique. Looking at the faà §ade there is no evidence of piloti, however the way in which the windows extend to the edges suggest that the faà §ade is a non-weight-bearing membrane. However the facades subtle rearrangement and similarities of the rectangles and slight transparency at the edges, present a visual uncertainty about the position and thickness of the faà §ade surface. Hence, The Villa Stein-de Monzie is organized as a series of layers. This can relate to Le Corbusiers purist paintings, where the overlapping of planes occurs. The main entrance is expressed by a canopy which slightly resembles the wings and struts of an aeroplane, which Le Corbusier identifies as an objet-type for its emphasis on function. The arrangement of partitions within the whole layout reflects Le Corbusiers paintings, where curves and rectangles slide, overlap, and harmonize into a perceived unity within a rectangular frame. There are many features within the Villa Stein which relate to the engineering objects Le Corbusier considered objet-types, in particular the Ship. This includes a protruded, curved volume used for storage recalls the funnel of a liner; other nautical allusions are found in the railings, the spiral stairs. In Vers une architecture, in the chapter Eyes Which Do Not See, the caption An architect pure, neat, clear, clean and healthy, appears under one of the ship illustrations. This could be used to describe the Villa Stein/de Monzie due to its comparison with a ship. The Villa Savoye, 1928, in Poissy, France The Villa Savoye in Poissy designed in 1928, is a great example of Le Corbusiers five points of architecture. The main living space elevated on pilotis, with its strong horizontal faà §ade is centred within a breathtaking landscape; with the use of continuous horizontal windows providing clear panoramic views. One of the main parts to Le Corbusiers machine age concepts was the provision of enough green space. This is apparent for the villa savoye site where organisations of trees and grass have a clearly framed view. Nature is celebrated as dramatically as the idea of the house as a machine a habiter, or the theme of procession by car. The use of piloti in the Garches was an important mechanism within the interior; whereas for the Ville Savoye use of piloti is predominating for both exterior and interior. From a distance Ville Savoye has been compared with a Purist still life on a table-top and the associations with ships funnels or machine parts are not hard to make. This relates to the engineering objects le Corbusier considered to have relevance and the right balance he aimed for as he felt the architecture of the recent past was of poor and missing significance compared to the Parthenon, the Roman baths, Mansart etc. These engineering objects include ships, aeroplanes, cars and factories which were greatly evident in his book Vers une architecture. The use of silos and factories were praised for their clear and distinct articulation of volumes and surfaces: ships and aeroplanes for their rigorous expression of function. The guitar outline emphasized in le Corbusier purist painting, still life, has a strong connection to the plan shape of the Solarium. This shows the influence his painting had on his architecture and the way in which he produced similar results, because it provided him with a filter of experiences and a laboratory of forms. Or (choose which quote) The same formal intelligence working in different media achieved analogous results.

Summary of Finding Forrester :: essays research papers

Does anyone really like to be stereotyped? Does anyone want to be looked at and automatically judged just because of the way they look, by their skin color, their hair type, or even the type of clothing they wear? Finding Forrester is a film that in my opinion perpetuates stereotypes. The entire film is based on significantly different racial opinions, opinions of different writing styles and stereotyping of different people in general. Race is a huge issue in the film and many stereotypes are made. Jamal Wallace is introduced in the film as a typical black teenage male who goes to a low class school in the Bronx and really excels on the court as a basketball player. He always plays basketball with his friends in a parking lot. Jamal is dared to go into the apartment of a recluse who watches them play through binoculars. Jamal is caught and, running away in fright Not too many people thought of him as being anything more than that, due to the fact that Jamal makes mediocre grades in his school in the Bronx, he does just enough to get by and to maintain a â€Å"C† average. Jamal did not push himself any harder in the classroom than he needed to. Jamal’s passion is writing, He meets a famous old writer named William Forrester through a dare, who has been watching him when he plays basketball at the parking lots. Little do they know when they first meet what a great difference they would each eventually make for each other. William is the first to help Jamal by helping him in his writing. Jamal is a great writer but just doesn’t know it yet. William helps Jamal find himself in his writing, and Jamal prospers into quite a good writer. The help didn’t really stop there either. Jamal would tell William all about his day and Does anyone really like to be stereotyped? Does anyone want to be looked at and automatically judged just because of the way they look, by their skin color, their hair type, or even the type of clothing they wear? Finding Forrester is a film that in my opinion perpetuates stereotypes. The entire film is based on significantly different racial opinions, opinions of different writing styles and stereotyping of different people in general. Race is a huge issue in the film and many stereotypes are made.

Edsa Revolution Essay

Good day tourists! I’m ziel your tour guide for today and now where going to explore and see the beauty of the â€Å"resort province of the Philippines† welcome to LAGUNA!!! The Province of Laguna, which was formerly called La Laguna, was named after Laguna de Bay, the body of water that forms its northern boundary. Laguna de Bay, in turn, was named after the town of Bay (Laguna de Bay is Spanish which means â€Å"Lake of Bay†), the first provincial capital. Laguna (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Laguna), is a province of the Philippines found in the CALABARZON region in Luzon. Its capital is Santa Cruz . Laguna hugs the southern shores of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country. Laguna is notable as the birthplace of Jose Rizal, the country’s national hero. There’s a lot of famous attractions like , the hot spring resorts of Los Baà ±os and Calamba on the slopes of Mount Makiling, Pila historic town plaza, Taytay Falls in Majayjay, the Hidden Valley Springs in Calauan and of course the most famous waterfalls in the philiphines PAGSANJAN FALLS!! The main falls is actually located within the boundaries of Cavinti, Laguna but access by boat originates from the town of Pagsanjan. A move by the ruling body of the town of Cavinti was submitted to the Sangguniang Bayan. Pagsanjan Falls is probably the most famous natural attraction in Laguna. However, it is actually located in Cavinti, an adjacent town to Pagsanjan, and the falls’ indigenous name is Magdapio Falls. Pagsanjan, Laguna is the jump-off point to Pagsanjan Falls. You may rent a banca or small boat to take you to the falls or â€Å"shoot the rapids.† The standard rate is about PhP 800-1000 pesos per person which includes the round-trip boat ride, entrance fees, and use of life vests. Be prepared to shell out extra for tips to boatmen; although there is a standard rate for the boat ride, you are expected to give extra tip to the boatmen, about PhP 200 per person (according to tourists who already went there). Skilled and accredited boatmen will take you on a scenic boat ride at Magdapio River in order to reach the main falls, the famous Pagsanjan Falls. They used to be wooden bancas, but nowadays, the boats are made of fiberglass. On the way, you will be treated to the sight of other minor falls (approximately 20 of them), lush vegetation, and natural rock formations. Some say that monkeys occassionally appear and they throw branches or rocks to people, so you better wear a helmet just in case. Once you reach the main falls, you can take a raft ride through the falls and get a natural â€Å"back massage.† You can also explore the Devil’s Cave behind the falls, famous for its reverberating echoes. For the raft ride, you have to pay an extra PhP 90 and tip the boatmen. The highlight of this trip is the rapid descent downstream or what is known as â€Å"shooting the rapids'†. Be prepared for the thrill of a lifetime as the expert boatmen manuever the boat skillfully through turbulent waters. It is interesting to know that a boatman is required to undergo a rigid six-month training in order to acquire a license/accreditation for guiding tourists on the ride to the falls. Bangkero is a Tagalog term given to those whose job provides a means of transportation on the river using a â€Å"bangka† (boat). The â€Å"Pagsanjan Bangkero Festival† is held every first week of March and it features exciting events on water and land like the â€Å"palarong bangkero† (fluvial parade and exhibitions), street dancing, drum and lyre band competition, chorale fest, cultural night, trade fair, sports events among others. The ‘Pagsanjan Bangkero Festival’ is inspired by and dedicated to all the bangkeros (boatmen) in Pagsanjan.. These boatmen impress one with his skill and dexterity in maneuvering his boat upstream â€Å"against wild rapids and amids a pristine panorama of lush, virgin forest.† Aside from its amazing tourist’s destinations, Laguna is also known for its delicacies and appetizing food products. Almost every town has its own particular product with its distinct taste that is mainly raised in the town. Here is a list of the delicacies to look for when you happen to pass by or visit Laguna. Buko pie is a famous delicacy of Los Baà ±os town in Laguna province. Mer-Nel’s chocolate cake is the favorite cake in Los Baà ±os, Laguna. The cake is moist and light, while the icing is sweet chocolate with a hint of milk. Kesong puti or white cheese is widely produced in Santa Cruz, Laguna, and the town of its origin. Monay is widely available in local bakeries but the monay in Bay, Laguna is deliciously different. Espasol (rice pudding) is a native Filipino sweet treat made from rice flour and coconut strips cooked in coconut milk. The cooked pudding is shaped into cylinders and then rolled into toasted rice flour. It is believed that espasol originated from Laguna, Philippines. Uraro or arrowroot cookies are popular in Laguna province. These cookies are delicate and powdery, and feel dry on the mouth like puto seko (although puto seko is much drier). Usually, uraro is shaped into flowers and wrapped in a thin paper called â€Å"papel de hapon.† Bibingka. There are are many versions of bibingka in the Philippines but when you are in Laguna, the bibingka of Pagsanjan is the must-try delicacy. Just like the adobo which has many versions, there are many variants of bibingka (or rice cake) in the Philippines. But when you are in Laguna, the bibingka of Pagsanjan is the must-try delicacy. The typical ingredients of bibingka are rice flour, coconut milk and eggs usually topped with grated coconut, salted egg or white cheese. But Pagsanjan’s bibingka does not have any of these toppings at all; it may look simple but it really tastes delicious as it is. The traditional way of cooking bibingka is rather interesting. Instead of the typical gas or electric oven, a clay pot is used; banana leaves are used to line the clay pot and hot coals are put below and on top of the clay pot in order to cook the bibingka batter. So what are you waiting for? Visit Laguna and try these delicious and mouth-watering foods that you’ll surely love.